RIchard Nixon and The Water Gate Scandal Essay - 882 Words

Richard Nixon was president during 1969-1974 and was the first president to resign from office. During this time there was a scandal known as the Watergate Scandal. It was about five men who broke into the watergate building and stole secret documents. They were caught, but some people believe Nixon was involved. He may have even tried to cover up the investigation using bribes. Richard Nixon was born and raised in California in 1913 and died 1994. He was our 37th president of the United States of America. He also was vice president, senator, a member of the House of Representatives, and even served in the Navy during World War Two. He seems like he could have been a great leader, but could he have been a perpetrator of espionage. He†¦show more content†¦This proving Nixon’s and his re-election committee was involved in some way. Although he may not have been involved in the actual robbery, afterwards he tried to pay off the Federal Bureau Investigation (FBI) from looking into the case. Another group who was investigating the scandal as well were two reporters from the Washington Post named Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward. From Woodwards notes we know the men carried surgical gloves and thousands of dollars in cash. One of his sources even said, â€Å"it was a professional operation.† It would have to be to break into one of our buildi ngs with the highest security. His notes also state that one of the burglars named James McCord was on the payroll of president Nixon’s re-election campaign. The next day, Nixon and chief of staff H.R. Haldeman privately discussed how to get the CIA to tell the FBI to back off from the burglary investigation. This proves Nixon was trying to cover up the investigation. Was it because he was the one who ordered the burglary? Who knows maybe it was or maybe he is innocent. The supreme court got involved and in 1974, they ordered President Nixon to hand over the transcripts of the tapes. A couple days after the House Judiciary Committee passed three articles of impeachment. Nixon was forced to give up the transcripts that clearly showed he must have took part in the cover-up. So how exactly was he involved in the cover up? Well for starters, after the break in he took severalShow MoreRelatedRichard Nixon s Political Career And General American Government864 Words   |  4 Pagespresident, the first president born in California. Richard Millhouse Nixon was born January 9, 1913 he who would eventually contribute to politics throughout his career. Nixon to most people takes recognition for his negative contributions specifically as a participant of the Watergate scandal. These involvements tend to overlook his entire political career that exists today at the Richard Nixon Library. However, with all the negativity surrounded around Nixon, events exist to further support his contributionsRead MoreLet s Talk Dick, By Richard M. Nixon Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesLet’s talk Dick. â€Å"Tricky Dick†, â€Å"Slick Rick†, Richard M. Nixon our 37th President. Born on January 9th, 1913, in California. He was a graduate of Duke University Law S chool. After serving in the Navy during WWII, Nixon was elected to congress. Soon after he won a seat on the Senate in 1950 and went on to become Vice President in the Eisenhower Administration. During his Vice presidency, he focused on foreign policy and later on a trip to Moscow, Nixon had an impromptu Debate with General SecretaryRead MoreAbraham Lincoln And The Emancipation Proclamation1415 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican-American activists that change was possible. And was achieved without the foresight of congress. - Richard Nixon The Water Gate Scandal Richard Nixon believed the president was above the law. In mid-1971, pentagon papers were leaked - and the report proved that administrations from Truman to Johnson intentionally expanded their vietnam war efforts, in contrast to what the public was told. The Nixon administration then panicked and attempted, during the 1972 election campaign, to put together aRead MoreJournalism Is The Intermediate Agent947 Words   |  4 Pagestheir opponent. For example, in the Water Gate scandal, a great deal of credit has to be given to the young reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein from Washington Post. They suspect and do much of the original news reporting on the Watergate scandal, then led to a lot of investigation as abuse of power, criminal cover-up and several violations of the Constitution, and ultimately, the resignation of President Richard Nixon. This big scandal terminated Nixon and his crew`s career as well as makingRead MorePreserving Power Of The United States898 Words   |  4 Pagessuccessor Richard Nixon knew of the unpopulari ty of the Vietnam War so he pledged to reduce the amount of American servicemen from Southeast Asia. However Nixon instead defied several congressional decisions and escalated the war by sending American troops into the neutral countries of Laos and Cambodia in 1971 and 1972, claiming that these actions were police actions that therefore fell under his domain as Commander and Chief (pg.1). Congress Ceased upon this expansion coupled with the Water GateRead MoreThe 3 Houses Of Theu.s Government866 Words   |  4 PagesExecutive Pardon gives the president Unlimited Pardons according to Article II of the constitution. There are two types of pardons. There is a full pardon and a conditional pardon. For example in the 1970’s President Gerald Ford pardoned Richard Nixon for the water gate scandal. Any pardon will allow forgiveness to the party being pardoned. Controlling Congressional Powers The U.S congress is the national federal legislative body of the U.S of America. Meaning that Congress make the laws that effect ourRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy1608 Words   |  7 PagesElected in 1960 as the 35th president of the United States, Kennedy became the youngest and first Roman Catholic president. He won the hearts of many Americans with his youthfulness and charming good looks. Kennedy won the presidential race against Richard Nixon in a very close race. John F. Kennedy s assassination occurred on November 22, 1963, in Dallas Texas, this caused much shock and heartache to many Americans because of the way he represented and took care of the United States. In his short timeRead MoreThe Butler Represented By The American Of An African American Man Essay2180 Words   |  9 PagesStudent Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) protesting in Alabama. During this protest an African American man was shot by a police officer and this led to more protesting. This led to t he increase in violence by the police using night sticks, water and police dogs. The violence was televised on T.V. leading to the proposal of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Protests during this the 1960’s were very important in history because of the impact they had on government decisions to step in and help advanceRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesseries: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesbecame psychotic and several others died from their injuries. Those passengers who were relatively uninjured set out to do what they could to improve their chances of survival. Several worked on â€Å"weatherproofing† the wreckage, others found ways to get water, and those with medical training took care of the injured. Although shaken from the crash, the survivors initially were confident they would be found. These feelings gradually gave way to despair, as search and rescue teams failed to find the wreckage

Diversity talking Free Essays

When we are talking In relation to diversity, we talk about the group who possess individual qualities that are diverse from our traits. Diversity is the uniqueness which every employee brings to the workplace in an organization or establishment. Examples of differences include nationality, belief, disabilities, physical appearance, race, gender, age, educational background, sexual orientation, and work experience, social and family status, At workplace, valuing diversity means creating a work environment that respects and includes variation Indlvldudl by maxlmlzlng the otential of all employees or in which every employee feels included. We will write a custom essay sample on Diversity talking or any similar topic only for you Order Now It means acknowledging that other people, other races, other voices, and other cultures have an equal claim on the world. Valuing diversity is the recognition that there are many ways of viewing the world, solving problems, and working together workplace diversity Is the differences people bring In an organization. It encompasses learning and Interacting with people who share different opinions, backgrounds from us and creating an environment w†¦ _ middle of paper _ †¦ ployees should be open-minded and treat others with dignity, respect, courtesy and onsideration and not tolerate harassment or discrimination. This creates a workplace that encourages learning and associating with people from diverse groups. With a diverse working environment and an equally diverse opportunity, the sky is the limit to what you can achieve during your career. In addition to a very Important requirement when people deal with diversity Is when there Is a promotion of d â€Å"safe† place for people to communicate (Koonce, 2001 Diversity is the essence of evolution. Right from the ancient times, it has been clearly evident that various races of the world interacted and traded with each other. Calling diversity as one ot the leading survival tactics ot the human race wont be an anomaly. It opens up the mind and dlmlnlshes the boundaries defined by set of authoritarians. Diversity Is eminent In nature. The diverse colours of Mother Nature, seasonal variations, existence of solar, lunar and planetary movements in harmony and in coordination are nothing but diverse expressions of the same. The myriad hues sync up in reverence and carve a picture so nice. Man Is a small constituent of this colossal cosmos. And as stated earller, diversity Is dn essence of the existence. Therefore It becomes Imperative to respect and greet the great variation present around. People hailing from different cultures, ethnicity, race, country or religion should be considered as a part of the ‘one society’ only. and unjustified behaviour expressed by a particular race towards the others. This behaviour is a denial of the God’s creation. In his infinite wisdom, he created people of all colours and creeds. On a scientific basis the colour of the skin depends upon the geographical and environmental factors. And in deeper introspection, it is the pigment melanin that determines the colour of skin. So, the main point is that nowhere in the description lies any factor that makes a particular race better than others. The anatomy and physiology of a human body are similar all over the world. Hence discrimination on any basis is unjustified and unacceptable. There are various cultures and religions that are followed in the present society set up. Everyone has the right to follow and express his religious beliefs in solidarity. Instead of making prejudices and demeaning people, try to embrace the goodness of each. No religion spread the message of hatred or communalism. It is the followers r the conservatives who modify the teachings according to their maligned thoughts. In the modern world the international boundaries are already shrinking. The increasing trade among the countries and the outsourcing of Jobs is an example. No country can survive on its own. Mutual collaboration among all parts of the world is mandatory. Even, those who claim to belong to first world have to depend upon the third world countries for a better market and manpower. The oil and gasoline needs are satiated by the gulf countries. In turn, all the modern facilities and exposure to evelopment is best in the developed countries only. Accepting the diversity is not only an option but compulsory for the sustenance of humanity. Accepting the diversity gracefully will help in building a congenial environment. It is the imminent duty of the older generation to understand and teach their younger ones the importance and acceptance of diversity present around. The base line is to warmly embrace the diverse cultures and religions and their teachings prevalent in the world. It will help to improvise the human race as a whole and will lead towards a better future for generations to follow. How to cite Diversity talking, Papers

Dissecting The Royal Tenenbaums Essay Example For Students

Dissecting The Royal Tenenbaums Essay This paper attempts to perceive the Tenenbaum family through interactions with each family member and describe the reasons for certain behaviors using patterns observed in research studies conducted on families. It theorizes that the family dysfunction present in the Tenenbaum family originates from Royal Tenenbaums absence and his wifes pressure on her children to become intellectual geniuses and talented individuals. The occurrence of these factors causes the adult Tenenbaum children to become stagnated in childlike states of mind, unable to cope with their emotions. First, the paper notes the family systems theory created by Murray Bowen. This theory is used to focus on the interlocking relationships between the family rather than individual characteristics. This allows the family to be described in terms of association with each family member. Royal Tenenbaums separation from his family is described as a cause for his childrens sense of abandonment and loss of self-esteem. Etheline Tenenbaum furthers the blow by being overbearing on her childrens future success instead of giving them time to be youthful. As a response to their parents treatments, the children fail to learn to live independently and are forced to move back home to learn how. Triangling between Margot and Richie Tenenbaum occurs as a method to reduce the tension between their relationship. Finally, Royal Tenenbaum plays a role in reversing the dysfunction of the family, proving that he had been the cause of the discord. Wes Anderson is a modern day filmmaker whose movies often observe interactions in dysfunctional family units. In Andersons film The Royal Tenenbaums, the source of family dysfunction derives from the absence of Royal Tenenbaum and Etheline Tenenbaums push on their children to succeed, leading to a childlike state in adulthood and the inability to cope with emotions. Through the family systems theory proposed by Murray Bowen and other research studies on separated parents, the behavior patterns witnessed in the Tenenbaum children are described as being a natural reaction. Finally, as a way to depict how Royal caused the dysfunction, Anderson reverses it through the change and growth of Royals character, revealing that the parents are the support system for the family; when they fail to fill their role, it causes the children to have psychological problems. The Tenenbaum family resides in a five-story house in Manhattan. The household is made up of Royal Tenenbaum, the father, Etheline Tenenbaum, the mother, and their children Chas Tenenbaum, Richie Tenenbaum, and adopted daughter Margot Tenenbaum. According to Murray Bowen, the family must be viewed as a unit or a network of interlocking relationships? (Kerr and Bowen p. ix). If a family was observed as individuals in a household, then the observations would only serve its purpose as a study of an individual person. By categorizing a family as a network, the interactions within the family can be described in relativity to the other family members. The thoughts, feelings, and behavior of each family member both contributes to and reflects what is occurring in the family as a whole ? (Kerr and Bowen 166). For example, when Chas moves back home, Margot hears of it and decides that she too will move back into her childhood home even though she is married. At this same time, Richie returns from his travels. This behavior of moving back into their mothers home reveals that the family is dependent on each other to the point where they cannot operate independently. There is a strong relationship between the transfer of general and emotional help and close proximity between adult children and their mothers ? (Compton and Pollack). The children rely on their old home as a place where they exhibit their talents. Before moving back home, Margot had fallen into a depressive state whereas she locked herself in the bathroom and refused to see anyone. She stopped writing her acclaimed plays. Yet by the end of the film, she has begun to write again. The same happens to Chas; following the death of his wife in a tragic plane crash, Chas has been living in a frustrated and panicked state of mind that he carries on to his two young sons, Ari and Uzi, forcing them to go through evacuation drills of their house and daily fitness exercises. By moving back home, Chas learns to let go and live. Richie also experiences the importance of family and setting when he learns to voice his feelings. The dysfunction existed in the family because the members influenced each other in negative ways. The children have to learn to be independent, something they never really achieve (Browning 41). Since the dysfunction left them unable to live independently outside of their childhood home, they must go back in order to learn and receive the emotional support that a functioning family provides. This proposes that they never really left home, (Browning 42) mentally or emotionally. The problem for the Tenenbaum family is rooted in the lack of presence of the father figure and the overbearing push for accomplishments from their mother. Royal Tenenbaum separated from Etheline when the children were in their preteens. The children exhibit pain and confusion through the separation; for example, Richie asks if they were the cause of the problem, to which Royal replies No, no! Obviously weve made certain sacrifices as a result of having children, but, uh, Lord no! This exchange of dialogue between father and children becomes the origin of the issues the family experiences. Royals response lacks confidence. This causes the children to believe that they are the root of the problem and the reason their parents are separating. From this moment, Royal is seen as an outsider to the family. During this period of identity development, the adolescent is preoccupied with what he or she appea rs to be in the eyes of others? (Denney and Martin). The only child Royal shows favor to is Richie because he earns money through the bets he places on Richies tennis tournaments. Malcolm X is a film directed by Spike Lee EssayIn Kerr and Bowens description of triangles, the Margot/Richie/Eli triangle follows a pattern of anxiety shift (Kindle Location 1834). Richie becomes frustrated with Eli because of his drug use and his incapability to keep Richies secrets safe. Margot realizes that she does not love Eli and tells him, to which he replies that he did not love her either, and that Richie had had feelings for her since they were young. The outsider to the triangle then becomes Eli, and the tension between Richie and Margot decreases, thus allowing them to confront one another. Margot and Richie decide however to not pursue each other because their relationship would be frowned upon by society as incest. At the same time Margot and Richie solve their tension, Royal Tenenbaum is realizing the role he played in creating the deep-rooted problems of the family. By residing in the household, Royal is able to cancel out his childrens negative characteristics by balancing them against his opposite traits. According to Bowens studies, One frequently observed pattern was that family members functioned in reciprocal relationship to one another (Kindle Location 139). Royal offsets Chas strict adherence to rules through his rule-breaking, Richies failure to say what he feels to sharing his thoughts regarding everyone and everything, and Margots quiet nature to his loud personality seen in his clothing and command of attention. Royal understands that it is his fault that his children do not know how to be independent. The children never had someone to listen to their problems when they were young and have pent up guilt for their parents separation. He reconciles with his family by paying attention to them and reacting to their dysfunctions. He advises Richie to go after Margot and disregard what society has deemed as unacceptable; he takes time and speaks with Margot, something he had never done when she was young, and learns about her; he explains to Chas that he needs to let his boys live as children so that his children will not harbor the same feelings against Chas as Chas and his siblings now feel against Royal. His final resolution with his family is represented in the presentment of a Dalmatian to Chas, revealing that Royal `did pay attention to his childrens interests, and through the signature of the divorce apers between he and Etheline, displaying that he cares more about her happiness than he does about her belonging to him. At the conclusion of the movie, the family is shown standing around Royal Tenenbaums grave. The script on the epitaph reads ?Died tragically rescuing his family from the wreckage of a destroyed sinking battleship  ¦Royal does rescue the family in a way, perhaps not in an act of wartime heroism but in making good the mistakes of his past ? (Browning 50). The Royal Tenenbaums is a film about family dysfunction and the interactions etween family members that caused the family dynamics. Royal and Etheline Tenenbaum cause the emotional instability present in the children through lack of presence and over controlling the outcome of their young lives. The origination of the problem suggests that parents are the emotional and psychological support for the family. If the support is unable to maintain its duty, then the structure will collapse, as seen in the Tenenbaum family. It is through the restoration of parental figures that the Tenenbaum children learn how to live independently. Bibliography: Works Cited Alexander, Sharon. Adult Children of Divorce.   The Ohio State University Extension. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 May 2011.  5000/ pdf/ Adult_Children_Divorce.pdf. Browning, Mark. Salinger Reloaded: The Royal Tenenbaums (2001).   Wes Anderson: Why His Movies Matter. Ed. Vincent LoBrutto. Denver: Praeger, 2011. 33-52. Print. Modern Filmmakers. Compton, Janice, and Robert Pollak. Proximity and Coresidence of Adult Children and Their Parents: Description and Correlates.   The University of Michigan Retirement Research Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 May 2011. . Denney, Maria K., and Benny R. Martin. The Effects of Father Absence on Adolescent Self- Concept.   Adolescent Development: Current Issues. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 May 2011. . Kerr, Michael E., and Murray Bowen. Family Evaluation. New York: W.W. Norton Company, 1988. N. pag. Kindle Edition. Web. 26 May 2011. Nichols, Michael P., and Richard C. Schwartz. Family Therapy Enters the Twenty-First Century.   Family Therapy:Concepts and Methods. 4th ed. N.p.: n.p., 1997. 315-349. Print. The Royal Tenenbaums. Wes Anderson. Touchstone Pictures, 2001. Film.

Issues on Women and Homophobia an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Issues on Women and Homophobia 1. What issues involving straight women have been resolved since the 1920`s in the United States, and which have not? What do you see happening in the future, when and why? Need essay sample on "Issues on Women and Homophobia" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The battle for female suffrage culminated on August 18, 1920, when Tennessee became the thirty-sixth state to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment, granting women the right to vote. Following approval of the Nineteenth Amendment, women made substantial inroads in political and economic life. Dr. Riesman in his study of the basic changes taking place in the American characters during the twentieth century (that is, from inner-directed to outer-directed) found that the growing pre-occupation with acts of consumption reflects the change. The women then were confronted with a host of new, varied and difficult problems of adjustment within a brief period of time. Women were lured to experiment and to try something new and not get stuck with the traditional ways of thinking and doing things. Back then in the 60s, the clothes that the old school hip hop artists donned were expressions of inpiduality but they even carried a purpose which was a functional one. Women spoke of a willingness to create a difference of their own despite several constraints. When one thinks of the identity crisis that plagues people, one is able to discern the connection between this genre and its lure on women then. Conformity comes in many forms and affects many aspects of peoples lives. People, having identified with many models, have incorporated many different characteristics. Now they must integrate, synthesize, and reorganize these, dropping some characteristics and strengthening others. A new, unique and coherent identity emerges, one in which, the whole has a different quality than the sum of its parts (Buszek, 1998). For women at that time, the circumstances all conspired for this art to flourish. Even if women were expected to maintain an unrealistic level of decorum, still, the women at that time were beginning to accept their own sexuality. They began to allow themselves sexual pleasures. This problem is compounded by old feelings that sex is immoral and dirty. (Such feelings are still very much with us even in these days of sexual revolution.) If a women, even unwillingly, still thinks of sex as bad, then it is sometimes easier to engage in it (to even enjoy it) is she can maintain the concept that it is the mans doing. She is just complying and its really for him This attitude is part of the history of what women were supposed to do and feel. But it does not match what she wants and achieves in other areas. There is an additional dimension to the sexuality seen in this, and in the philosophy behind the success of the women then. To be herself, expressing her sexuality, is the final confirmation of her new self which really exists. It will prove, as it were, that she really can be the person she is glimpsing now. It will allow her to tap all of her suppressed energies and direct them toward her goals. It will be, in a sense, dependencys end, and she is not quite ready to face it. It seems frightening but it is also too good to be true. It also means she is still asking a man to prove that her new self existsto give it his stamp of validation via the final test, his demonstration of interest (Buszek, 1998). For generations, women had been subjected to men. In the early 19th century, married women could not enter into contracts without their husband's consent. Women lost all title to property or future earnings upon marriage while their children were legally controlled by the father. Even women were often without recourse against kidnapping or imprisonment by husbands and other male relatives (McElroy, 1991). Women had no voice in what was going on around them, to what they wanted their lives to be, or even when it concerned their bodies. In the 19th century, the industrial revolution created a new middle class with wealth from land, trading, and factories. The middle class women took up Marie Gouze's ideals. This sparked the feminist movement. These women were educated, and it was obvious to them that there were rights they were missing. They saw how the men of their class had acquired these rights with the new found wealth. The goals of the Women's Movement in the 19th century were to get the right to vote, to achieve equality in property rights, access to education, access to jobs and fair pay, porce, and children's custody (Manzano, 1999). In the future, I think that for women to act and react out of their own being is to fly in the face of their appointed definition and their prescribed way of living. To move toward authenticity, then, also involves creation, in an immediate and pressing personal way. The whole fabric of ones life begins to change and one sees it in a new light. As one woman puts it, I keep seeing everything with a different meaning now. Most days I feel as if Im adlibbing my way through. I dont follow the script I used to know. For this new and much more intense personal creating, there are no certain guideposts. For some women, there may be anguish and anxiety, but there are also clear satisfactions and joys along the way, even before there is anything like a sense of completion. 2. What do you think are the main sources of homophobia in American culture? What is the situation today in America? regarding homophobia and what do you predict for the future, when and why? In todays society, many people suffer from homophobia due to lack of understanding of homosexuality. Throughout history people have constantly adopted discriminatory attitudes towards others who happen to be different from them. This is similar to the discrimination accorded to other cultures, races and members of lower social classes. The struggle of homosexuals to receive equal treatment is expected to go on, although support from liberals, the scientific and psychological segments of society greatly helps. Contrary to the conservative perspective that homosexuality is a choice, scientists contend that homosexual orientation results from biological, psychological and social factors, and is not a conscious choice that can be voluntarily changed (APA). In fact, many homosexuals, at the time they are beginning to discover their different sexual orientation, fight within themselves and try to change that sexual orientation without success. Indeed, homophobia is based on the prejudice towards those who are different. One of the sources is also the Judaeo-Christian religious tradition that opposes it. From its roots in religion, homophobia has been made into a decree as a law in many states and countries. (Kelly2005). Slowly but surely, gay people are recognizing their different roles in society, not based on their sexual orientation, but based on their inpiduality. In Vivienne Cass model of homosexual identity formation, the final step is identity synthesis, where the inpidual recognizes the support of heterosexuals and does not make sexual identity as the primary factor in relationships with others (Kort, Joe). As homosexuals progress through the coming out process, they realize the significance of their being, and not being fixated on the issue of sexual orientation. In the future, I think that it is true enough that homosexuals continue to face difficulties in gaining acceptance and equal rights as the next straight person, but members of the gay community are succeeding in developing a healthy identity despite all the discrimination surrounding them. There will be a lot of progress to uplift the status of homosexuals and to slowly foster equality, in so far as national legislation and general public perspective are concerned. However, the greater part of the work towards equality lies in homosexuals themselves. It is through their endeavor to be strong role models and be valuable assets to their communities that the stigma coupled with their existence is to be lifted. Major steps and changes would still be necessary before homosexuals are truly accepted into society. Education and information based on scientific and psychological research are key factors for heterosexuals to understand the realities and truth about homosexual orientation. This is seen to most likely lessen the prejudice against homosexuals. While a world without prejudices is still but a vision, homosexuals would do better by confronting the issues within themselves and not focus on what other people think. This would help them be better inpiduals worthy of acceptance in any society. WORKS CITED Buszek, Maria Elena. War Goddess The Varga Girls, WWII and Feminism Issue No.6 1998. Retrieved July 15, 2007 Kelly, Ryan. The Root of Homophobia. 2005. Retrieved July 15, 2007 Kort, Joe. Cass Model of Gay Retrieved July 15, 2007 at: http://www.joekort.com/PDF/cassmodelofidentityformation2.pdf Homophobia. Retrieved July 15, 2007 at: http://www.theocracywatch.org/homophob.htm Manzano, Y. Feminism before the 20th Century. From cwluherstory.com website. 1999. Retrieved July 15, 2007 at: Martignette, Charles and Louis K. Meisel, The Great American Pin-Up, (Spain: Taschen, 1996),16.

Use The School Culture Attachment To Reflect On The School You Work At

Use The School Culture Attachment To Reflect On The School You Work At Use The School Culture Attachment To Reflect On The School You Work At Or Have Worked At In The – Article Example SCHOOL CULTURE REFLECTION I have experienced school culture which relates to the various beliefs, attitudes as well as behaviorthat characterize a school. The school that I am currently leading has a number of activities and practices that have served in creating unity and harmony in the school among all the stakeholders who include teachers, students, parents and non-teaching staff. The measures that the school has adopted so as to ensure a proper culture is developed in the school include embracing of all ideas and thoughts from the various stakeholders by creating an environment that allows open communication and interaction. The school holds a joint stakeholders’ forum every year to allow each team to address their most pertinent issues that they feel are affecting the entire school fraternity through open and interactive communication. The school has realized the close connection that exists between culture and the academic achievement among the students. The school has a dopted The School Culture Triage Survey in measuring the status of the school culture. The survey adopted a number of questions such as examining the level of corporation and coordination among the stakeholders in solving administrative issues affecting the school. It further considers a keen look at the collegial relationships that is evident by whether people in the value working together and supporting one another. The school adopts this approach in ascertaining the level of cultural co-existence so as to improve the academic standards which forms the core goal of the school. Thus improving the culture of any school is key to advancing its goals as well as protecting its core values.

Business and Virtue Ethics Essay Example for Free

Business and Virtue Ethics Essay Abstract For the purposes of this assignment we will analyze the Mattel case and discuss the actions of the company regarding the behavior and actions in conjunction with the Global Manufacturing Process that was implemented. Breaches of the two business ethics elements of integrity and egoism will be assessed. Within the discussion I have identified the virtues prudence, justice, fidelity, and courage that were largely violated by the Mattel organization and how it affected the employees of Mattel. We will discuss the implications of virtue, deontological, and utilitarian ethics regarding their potential usefulness in evaluation of the Mattel case. Introduction Mattel’s concept of Global Manufacturing Principles (GMP) was not a novel concept. The many forms of GMP including International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) have been around for decades and have worked to insure that specific industries are held to a standard that is industry wide. ISO’s model is â€Å"Say what you do, and do what you say†. When a company endeavors to become ISO qualified, it is required to document every activity (as a standard operating procedure, SOP) that occurs within the company and adhere to that process without deviation. ISO qualified companies are always subject to audit by other ISO registered companies and is initially audited by four such companies in order to acquire certification. Having been directly involved with ISO implementation at a former employer that supplied fasteners for manufacturing, I am fully aware of how involved the certification is. The company SOP was over 1000 pages. Additionally, another ISO company can and will come in and audit your company prior to electing to conduct business with your company. In some instances, ISO qualification is not enough to be awarded the business. The nutrition industry also adheres to the Good Manufacturing Practices, of which I was required to be certified in every year. Each department of the nutritional company I worked for had its own GMP standards that we were to adhere implicitly. The nutrition industry, while not regulated by the FDA, is controlled indirectly by the FDA. GMP is an FDA requirement. Having worked in two industries where the concept is not only expected, but required in some instances; I was not impressed by the fact that Mattel implemented GMP of their own volition for the sole purpose to improve public perception after misconduct was exposed by the media. Business Ethics Issue The one word that I found that resonates throughout the article, whether spoken or implied, is â€Å"integrity†. The incoming CEO stated that Mattel would behave in all actions with â€Å"unwavering integrity† and that the company’s commitment to the GMP remained unequivocal and undiminished. (Sethi, Shapiro, Emelianova, pg.490) Ironically, I identify the most noticeable and important business ethics issue as just that; a lack of integrity. Merriam Webster defines integrity as â€Å"the firm adherence to a code of especially moral value, the quality or sate of being complete or undivided, and the quality of being honest or fair. Mattel exhibited none of these traits insofar as where their GMP’s were concerned. In fact, there were numerous infractions regarding the non-enforcement of their GMP’s across the board in the Asia and Mexico based manufacturing facilities. The second ethics issue I identified was narcissism. Mattel implemented this GMP program with the attitude of ‘look at what we’re doing’ but with minimal effort to ensure the success of the program. According to Duchon and Drake (2009) extreme narcissistic organizations will establish these formal ethics programs but will not have much effect on hindering unethical behaviors. This was evident in that the supervisors at the factories knew what they were supposed to be doing; but found ways to circumvent the system and there were no reprisals as a result of their nonconformance. Ultimately, it was a program of words and not deeds. Three Virtues Prudence â€Å"Careful good judgment that allows someone to avoid danger or risks. † (M-W, 2013) In my opinion, a great deal of misfortune and hardship could have been avoided if Mattel would have practiced a modicum of prudence before ever moving their manufacturing to Asia. In a perfect world, and especially in a modern world we do not expect children to work. However, when dealing with underdeveloped countries; it is normal for children to work in conditions that would be an affront to any American’s moral nature having abandoned child labor decades ago. If Mattel had done due diligence, they would have known that the facility in Indonesia was operating in an unacceptable manner (Sethi, et al. pg. 486) and could have implemented working conditions and requirements from the get-go. Then the exposure by the media would have never been an issue. I have no doubt that the draw of paying lower wages and increased productivity was the catalyst to overlook the conditions in those overseas factories. Justice â€Å"The quality of being just, impartial, or fair. Conformity to truth, fact, or reason. † (M-W, 2013) The concept of justice was completely lost on Mattel. While the implementation of the GMP program was comprehensive; the execution and enforcement was unconscionable. The last paragraph of the GMP, exhibit 1 says that if â€Å"Mattel determines that any of its manufacturing facilities or vendors violate these principles, we may either terminate our business relationship or require that facility to take corrective action. If corrective action is advised and not taken, Mattel will immediately terminate current production and suspend placement of future orders. †(Sethi, et al.pg. 487). However, when audits were performed; the facilities were rife with infractions but there was no follow through when corrective actions were required. The facilities were allowed to continue to operate unhindered. Astonishingly, the 20 plus companies that were not owned by Mattel were allowed to operate without any disciplinary actions imposed by Mattel for infractions if any auditing was conducted at all. Considering the fact that both Mattel owned and vendor factories employ some hundred thousand plus employees; Mattel’s actions were nowhere near impartial, fair, or conforming to fact or reason. Fidelity â€Å"Quality or state of being faithful, accuracy in details. †(M-W, 2013) For this virtue, I am concentrating on the act of being faithful to the employees. Whether or not the GMPs were self-imposed or not, Mattel had an obligation to the people it employs. Throughout the article, it was found during audits that the employee’s time cards would systematically be incomplete where they were not being allowed to clock-out. This resonates that these people were being required to work overtime ‘off the books’. Employees were not being given the appropriate days off or vacation time. Some living conditions and canteen conditions were substandard. Fines were being imposed. (Sethi, et al. 2011) The list goes on and on. In my opinion, Mattel should have had impartial representatives on the ground in these factories to ensure that the rules for payment, working overtime, and work conditions were being upheld. There should have been constant supervision and vigilance on a corporate level. To think that audits that were being conducted every three years was comprehensive enough to get the job done was blind and narrow minded. Courage To go one step further. A virtue is an attitude. Courage is measured when there is risk involved; but also rationality. To be truly courageous there needs to be a clear picture of what a person’s values are. Courage does not need to be proven beyond a doubt. (Hartman, 2008) In the case of Mattel, I feel it was courageous to implement such a comprehensive GMP program although it was misguided and ultimately failed. An even more courageous act would have been to rehab the program and bring it to its full potential and fruition. The article does not mention whether Mattel experienced any loss of revenue as a result, but public perception is a fickle entity and once all of the attention over sweat shops and child labor overseas died down, Mattel was no longer under the microscope. Financially, Mattel was spending money it perceivably no longer needed to spend. Since their program was self-imposed; it is no surprise that Mattel just unceremoniously abandoned the GMP program after nine years. When some organizations implement and enforce codes as part of a self-regulation process and others do not, those who self-regulate invariably incur greater costs. These costs are usually passed onto the consumer who subsequently (and sensibly) choses the organization which offers the cheaper product. (Blackburn & McGee, 2004) Virtue Ethics â€Å"Virtues† are attitudes, dispositions, or character traits that enable us to be and to act in ways that develop this potential. They enable us to pursue the ideals we have adopted. Honesty, courage, compassion, generosity, fidelity, integrity, fairness, self-control, and prudence are all examples of virtues. (Andre, Meyer, Shanks, and Velazquez. 1988) Virtue ethics indicates that business decisions should be made in a manner that attributes to the overall goals of the professional. It stresses activities and motives, what we do and why. Virtue ethics proffer that action and motive are connected to character and disposition. Actions are taken and decisions made because they are linked to a certain character. (Blackburn and McGee. 2004) â€Å"That â€Å"ought† does not imply â€Å"right† can be seen in another sort of case as well, namely, when what one ought to do in one’s circumstances results from one’s own prior wrongdoing. In such a case, doing what one ought to do may not be the same as doing a right act or a â€Å"good deed†. In fact, the same prior failure may both increase one’s level of obligation to do a given act now and decrease one’s level of praiseworthiness. † (Russell, 2008) The above quote is especially poignant in the Mattel case. Because Mattel implemented the GMP program on the heels of a media expose, the intentions were not solely based on the ‘right’ thing to do, but on what they ‘ought’ to do. Mattel probably did not get the recognition or good press they were looking for and therefore had no proclivity to ensure that the plan was a success. Utilitarian Ethics â€Å"Actions are approved when they are as such to promote happiness and disapproved when they have a tendency to cause unhappiness. † (Driver, 2009) We also know that utilitarian ethics work for the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Mattel directly employs over twenty thousand people throughout Asia and Mexico. If the happiness of those employees would have been considered; the pay, working conditions, time off, and canteen programs would have never been an issue. If the executives of the company would have experienced any of those adverse conditions, they would have cried â€Å"foul† all the way to an attorney. The employees are ultimately left without a voice and no recourse. Deontology â€Å"To act according to the maxim that you would wish all other rational people to follow as though it were universal law. † â€Å"Never treat a person as a means to an end. † (Pecorino, 2000) Kant contends that where morality is concerned, it is guided by law and therefore judgment is not necessary to fill in the blanks, because there are no blanks. He believed that people can conform to duty and not be morally limited. He believed that we could use indeterminate action-guidance for imperfect duties, and I’m paraphrasing; to weigh the moral options for decisions regarding duty towards others. Because that decision requires the minimum of our morality. Kant rejected virtue ethics. (McAleer, 2001) My opinion is that deontology would not work in the Mattel case. There are too many variables to consider in order to narrow down the maxim that will be comprehensive enough to include thousands of people over a number of cultural variances. Conclusion While the design of Mattel’s Global Manufacturing Principles may have been well intended and meant to improve the working conditions of the employees, the implementation was short-sighted and poorly executed. All too often when the few aspire to set standards for the many, the end result is a miscalculation. GMP’s are not a one size fits all type of endeavor. Each facility should have had a program that was custom to their country and working conditions. The ethical treatment of employees was the intention; but the ultimate governance was not enforced. The aftermath was the abandonment of the program due to the lack of interest and participation on the public and other companies in the industry. References Andre, Claire, Meyer, Michael and S. J. , Shanks, Thomas, Velasquez, Manuel. (1988) Ethics and Virtue. Issues in Ethics, V1 N3. We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

7 Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

7 Discussion - Essay Example In this way the individual relies on his or her character. Philosophers such as Plato, Hume, Aristotle etc have discoursed on virtuous character yet there seem not to be an agreement on exactly what ought to be counted as virtuous behavior. According to this philosophers virtue can only be equated to knowledge thus one who has knowledge and especially so the knowledge of good is regarded to have virtuous character (McMurray, 2000). The fact the children are born with no sense whatsoever of right or wrong it is prudent to assert that this good judgment is acquired from the society. The child will be taught by society members a number of mannerisms deemed acceptable such as honesty, respect and live in harmony with the existing systems. Without the society and culture would mean that the child relies on instincts thus will only have to act in a way that is likely to be beneficial to him or her. The society has also ensured there is a way to reward virtuous behavior thus encouraging its members to be virtuous. There are many moral stories and the like which give examples of individuals that have prospered in the society as a result of being virtuous. In the same way others are encouraged to live a virtuous life such that they are able to benefit in a similar manner. It is not easy to live a virtuous life thus there is normally some obstacles one has to overcome. According to some of the virtue theorist, it is easy for human beings to practice vice especially when the society is reluctant to punish the behavior and encourage virtuous living. It is for this reason that there are laws of the land and the justice system to encourage the people to live in harmony with one another. Alternatively there are those opposed to this theory citing the fact that character is in born. There are times when one has to rely on his character to perform some acts which the society is opposed to.

Caffeine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Caffeine - Research Paper Example It is a drug of dependence. â€Å"Caffeine is a drug that maintains an enigmatic existence somewhere in the middle of lower end of continuum of dependence—producing drugs. It is not readily categorized with known drugs of dependence, such as cocaine, nicotine, heroin and ethanol. On the other hand, caffeine does elicit some effects typical of dependence-producing drugs.†(Gupta, p.143)Does caffeine secure respectability in the culinary culture and acceptance as harmless for human consumption? The answer is in the negative viewed from any angle. Let’s agree that Caffeine is the world’s most popular drug. Though this is mostly related to coffee, it is also found in tea. Tea leaves contain about 3.5% caffeine. Caffeine containing soft drinks are very popular. â€Å"Caffeine taken in beverage form begins to reach all tissues of the body within five minutes. Peak blood levels are reached in about 30 minutes. Half of a given dose of caffeine is metabolized in about four hours more rapidly in smokers and less rapidly in newborn infants, in women in late pregnancy, and in sufferers from liver disease. (Caffeine†¦.) Caffeine increases blood pressure and stimulates the brain and behavior. There are many therapeutic use of caffeine, but controversies are associated with their application. Medical opinion is not unanimous about its authentic utility. As soon as it enters the body, its effect is immediate and electric! â€Å"Blood pressure, pulse rate, and stomac h acid production are increased, fat stores are broken down, and fatty acids are released into the blood stream.†(Caffeine and †¦.)Many other complications follow like, lack of energy, fatigue, and improper sleep. With alcohol consumption, it leads to deterioration of one’ health! With enough evidence against it, caffeine will always be viewed with suspicion. â€Å"Overall, the leading research projects based on objective criteria demonstrate that caffeine intake near bedtime†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.decreases total

Alcoholic Beverage and Quantum Software Essay Example for Free

Alcoholic Beverage and Quantum Software Essay Quantum Software does indeed have a problem involving a disagreement in the appropriateness of a company sponsored social activity. This weekly gathering is offered by Quantum’s management as a reward for their productiveness displayed throughout the week. While the get-together appears to be very popular among employees and managers alike, there is at least one party (Bill, the corporate attorney) who voices objection to the weekly festivity (Brown Harvey, 1995). The problems can be defined in terms of macro; issues having to do with leadership, resources, and the surrounding infrastructure, and micro, which include internal issues such as employee training, empowerment and organizational processes. (Packard 2005). The macro issue is that there is a difference in opinion on whether or not the â€Å"beer bust† is an appropriate means of rewarding the company’s employees. Stan and Erin, the founders of Quantum Software, feel that this time is beneficial because it provides an opportunity to â€Å"encourage the team concept† (Brown Harvey, 1995). Bill however, after witnessing an employee stumbling as a result of his drinking, questions the company’s liability of providing alcohol during the workday. The micro issue, although not specifically stated in the study, is that coworkers are subject to seeing each other as well as members of management in an intoxicated state; creating a situation where professional integrity could be compromised. The cause for the conflict is the fact that the company is offering its employees alcohol during work hours, creating a situation where Quantum would be held liable should an accident occur at work or as the employees were leaving the office. Additional concerns are warranted in considering that not all employees (based on statistically studies of drinking in the workplace) will be included in an event where drinking alcohol is involved (NZMA, 2006). Additionally, studies show that organizations that encourage drinking at work have a higher rate of employees with drinking problems; which can greatly affect worker performance (National Institute On Alcohol Abuse And Alcoholism, 2006). Alternative opportunities should be offered to the employees that would achieve the goals that Stan and Erin have set of creating an atmosphere where workers can â€Å"blow off a little steam† without providing alcohol (Brown Harvey, 1995). Recognizing that the workers are adults and have the ability to make responsible decisions in regards to drinking, perhaps a social committee could provide an alternate experience to the â€Å"beer bust† that does not conflict with the interest of Quantum Software. There are two recommendations that I would offer to the management team of Quantum Software. First, the monies dedicated to offering the current â€Å"beer bust† should be redirected to an offering that includes all employees, including those that do not drink. This will provide an inclusive atmosphere where all employees can participate. Second, an off-property location should be established by a social committee (not management) where employees have the opportunity to â€Å"socialize over a beer without the pressure of work† (Brown Harvey, 1995). This way the employees are on their own time and are responsible for their own actions; relieving Quantum Software of any responsibility for its employee’s actions. References Brown, D. Harvey D. (2006). An experimental approach to organization and development. Upper Saddle River: Pearson National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2008). Alcohol and the workplace Retrieved March 23, 2008 from http://alcoholism. about. com/od/work/l/blnaa44. htm NZMA (2006). Alcohol consumption. Retrieved March 23, 2008 from http://www. nzma. org. nz/journal/116-1184/645/Figures%20and%20tables. pdf Packard,T. (1995). TQM and organizational change and development. Retrieved March 23, 2008 from http://www. improve. org/tqm. html#Exhibit%20I:%20A%20Force%20Field %20.

Epic Characteristics of Miltons Paradise Lost :: Epics Milton Paradise Lost Essays

Paradise Lost is one of the finest examples of the epic tradition in all of literature. In composing this extraordinary work, John Milton was, for the most part, following in the manner of epic poets of past centuries: Barbara Lewalski notes that Paradise Lost is an "epic whose closest structural affinities are to Virgil's Aeneid . . . "; she continues, however, to state that we now recognize as well the influence of epic traditions and the presence of epic features other than Virgilian. Among the poem's Homeric elements are its Iliadic subject, the death and woe resulting from an act of disobedience; the portrayal of Satan as an Archillean hero motivated by a sense of injured merit and also as an Odyssean hero of wiles and craft; the description of Satan's perilous Odyssey to find a new homeland; and the battle scenes in heaven. . . . The poem also incorporates a Hesiodic gigantomachy; numerous Ovidian metamorphoses; an Ariostan Paradise of Fools; [and] Spenserian allegorical f igures (Sin and Death) . . . . (3) There were changes, however, as John M. Steadman makes clear: The regularity with which Milton frequently conforms to principles of epic structure make his occasional (but nevertheless fundamental) variations on the epic tradition all the more striking by contrast. The most important departures from epic decorum--the rejection of a martial theme, and the choice of an argument that emphasizes the hero's transgression and defeat instead of celebrating his virtues and triumphs--are paradoxically conditioned by concern for the ethical and religious decorum of the epic genre. On the whole, Milton has retained the formal motifs and devices of the heroic poem but has invested them with Christian matter and meaning. In this sense his epic is . . . something of a "pseudomorph"--retaining the form of classical epic but replacing its values and contents with Judeo-Christian correlatives. (Epic and Tragic Structure . . . 20) Steadman goes on to defend Milton's changes in the form of the epic, saying that "such revaluations are not unusual in the epic tradition; they were in fact inevitable" (20). It is important, before continuing with an examination of Paradise Lost and its epic characteristics and conventions (specifically, those in Book I), to review for a moment exactly what an "epic" is. Again, according to Lewalski, "Renaissance critics generally thought of epics as long poems treating heroic actions or other weighty matters in a high style, thereby evoking awe or wonder" (12).

Computer Game Addiction Essay

ABSTRACT With the constant improvements in gaming technology, ranging from graphics to new types of controllers to faster processors, there is a growing problem of computer game addiction. In order to fully understand this problem, one must define addiction. According to the Center for Addiction and Mental Health, addiction is a psychological or a physical dependence on something. LITERATURE REVIEW In this paper, we will discuss the problem of computer game addiction, one of the most addictive games, and ways to prevent or stop addiction. Massively Multiplayer Online Role- Playing Games Game addiction really started turning into a problem with the advent of Massively Multiplayer Online Role- Playing Games, or MMORPGs. While regular games would keep you entertained until you beat it, MMORPGs have no ending, so there really is no reason to stop playing. MMORPGs immerse the player in the world and since there is no way to beat the game, the goal is character progression. Leveling up your character and obtaining better and better armor and weapons is usually the norm in most MMORPGs. Addiction Questionnaire Dr. Kimberly Young, known as â€Å"the world’s foremost Cyber-Psychologist,† created a set of eight questions to ask one’s self to test for online gaming addiction. 1) Do you need to play online games with increasing amounts of time in order to achieve the desired excitement? 2) Are you preoccupied with gaming (thinking about it when offline, anticipating your next online session)? 3) Have you lied to friends and family members to conceal extent of your online gaming? 4) Do you feel restless or irritable when attempting to cut down or stop online gaming? 5) Have you made repeated unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop online gaming? 6) Do you use gaming as a way of escaping from problems or relieve feelings of helplessness, guilt, anxiety, or depression? 7) Have you jeopardized or lost a significant relationship, or even risked your marriage because of your online gaming habit? 8) Have you jeopardized a job, educational, or career opportunity because of your online gaming habit? Answering yes to any of those questions could mean that you are addicted. One would think that video games are harmless, but once they start interfering with real life and even take precedence over it, then there is a real problem. Video game addiction has not received official recognition as a diagnosis in theDSM IV standard [8], but is still aconcern for many people. Problems with addiction One study done on the problems of addiction used a modified version of the formal definition of gambling addiction. 607 8th and 9th grade students where surveyed, and of these 15% where classified as addicted. Of the addicted students, approximately 80% where male. Less than 30% of non-addicted student reported having been in a fight in the past year, while almost 50% ofaddicted students reported the same. Addiction also correlated with reported arguments with friends, and with teachers. Just as many students classified as addicted reported having a B average as those classified as nonaddicted. However, there where 4 times as many F students classified as addictedas there where non-addicted, and far more non-addicted A students than addicted ones. Not surprisingly, students classified as addicted averaged almost 4 times as much playtime as nonaddicted ones [7]. These figures are somewhat worrying. World of Warcraft (WoW) The current king of MMORPGs is World of Warcraft. According to a press release on Blizzard’s World of Warcraft webpage, World of Warcraft’s subscriber base numbers more than 8.5 million, as of March 7, 2007, and it continues to grow every day. The expansion pack that was recently released sold nearly 2.4 million copies worldwide just on the first 24 hours [3]. It is often referred to as â€Å"World of Warcrack.† Dr. Maressa Orzak, a Harvard professor and founder of Computer Addiction Services at McLean Hospital in Newton, MA, estimates that as many as 40% of the people who play WoW are addicted. She believes that games like World of Warcraft are designed to keep people in the game and that they are inherently addictive [4]. There are dozens of websites just for the purpose of providing support for WoW addiction. The game has a feature where if you type â€Å"/played† into the chat interface, it displays how much time you have spent playing that particular character. Some people report that they’ve spent 200 to 300 days played in the game [5]. In 2004, Zhang Xiaoyi, a 13 year old Chinese boy, committed suicide by jumping off a building afterplaying World of Warcraft for 36 hours straight. He left a suicide note saying that he wanted to â€Å"join the heroes of the game he worshipped† [6]. Fig. 1: A large battle between the Alliance and the Horde Is it Addiction? According to Weimer-Hastings and Ng, many people who are excessive MMORPG users are not actually dependent on video games [8]. They propose that many of these people use video games not because they are addicted, but because it is the only comfortable social medium for them. This was found through a comparison ofMMORPG player and other video game players. The MMORPG players tended to spend far more time playing, but much of that time is spent socializing. Some MMORPG players who showed long hours of playtime didn’t actually show any of the signs of addiction [8]. This study shows that care must be taken with the definition of addiction. Conclusion Video game addiction is something we must come to terms with as a society. Whether it is decided to be a read full fledged addiction, or just a compulsive behavior, it can still cause trouble in people’s lives. The problem will not go away either, it will probably only get worse, as designers get a better understanding of what makes consumers want their games. On the other hand, the problem is not as bad as it sounds at first. For many people these games are a social outlet, not an addiction. Video games are an integral part of many people’s lives now, and they’re here to stay. Let’s learn to use them responsibly. References 1. Center for Addiction and Mental Health – What is Addiction? http://www.camh.net/About_Addiction_Mental_Health/Drug_and_Addiction_Information/Addiction_Information_Guide/addiction_what_is.html 2. Center for Internet Addiction Recovery – Are You an Obsessive Online Gamer? http://www.netaddiction.com/resources/online_trading.htm# 3. Blizzard Entertainment – PressRelease. http://www.blizzard.com/press/070307.shtml 4. Rob Wright – mmORPGs and Game Addiction. August 8, 2006. http://www.twitchguru.com/2006/08/08/ world_of_warcraft_players_addicted/ 5. WoW Detox – Ex-players’testimonials. http://www.wowdetox.com/ 6. Associated Press – Chinese‘Warcraft’ Game Distributor Sued Over Teen’s Suicide.May 12, 2006. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,195236,00.html 7. Hauge, Marny R. & Gentile, Douglas A. â€Å"Video Game Addiction Among Adolescents: Associations with Academic Performance and Aggression† http://www.psychology.iastate.edu/FACULTY/dgentile/SRCD%20Video%20Game%20Addiction.pdf 8. Wiemer-Hastings, Peter & NG, Brian D. â€Å"Addiction to the Internet and Online Gaming† Cyberpsychology & Behavior Vol8, Number 2 http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.110

Effects of Verbal Communication Essay

Verbal Communication Communication of all types can be found everywhere. It does not necessarily have to be spoken or oral, it can be found in verbal and nonverbal forms. This is especially true in the areas of the criminal justice system. Communications can be found in equipment, reports, phones, in roll call, or everyday operations. For police officers and other members of the criminal justice system, communication in some form or type can always be certain. It may be in the form of verbal communication, such as roll call, talking with the public, talking to peers, inmates, administration, or supervisors. It is said that nearly 70 percent of one’s time is spent communicating (2009). Officers or those appointed by the department, talk to the media on a daily basis. Whether it is the television, the newspaper reporters, or the radio, it is on a daily basis. For law enforcement officials there is the need to communicate with the press from time to time. This could be to talk about public affairs, providing information about a situation that the police are involved in, or to make announcements. It is common in most areas that law enforcement appoints a spokesperson for the department. This person chosen represents the community and the department, along with all officers. This person must have the intelligence and the ability to speak clearly and in a concise manner, and have the ability to understand questions if asked. He or she should have some clear understanding of what the media only needs to hear. One way to assure this is to him or her draft a statement, before making the announcement to the press. When drafting the announcement and when reading the announcement, the person should avoid using what is called police jargon or codes. Using such language can be confusing to the general public and may cause confusion with the press. When talking to the press he or she should be able to avoid being distracted and should keep eye contact with those who he or she are talking to. Nonverbal communication between the press and officers can also have a confusing effect at time. â€Å"Sometimes nonverbal messages may contradict verbal; often they may express true feelings more accurately than the spoken or written language (Murphy & Hildebrandt). For nonverbal communication, the situations that he or she may want to be careful with can include the stance. There should be no slouching or leaning on the podium. This gives an appearance of the press seeing that he or she either does not want to be there or it could show disinterest. The spokesperson choose vocabulary carefully also. He or she may want to use a friendly tone also, and avoid using emotions during the press release. This must remember that the press usually ahs cameras somewhere that records everything that is said verbally and nonverbally, which may cause some confusion. The courtroom is another place that communication is done daily. Within this setting the law enforcement officer or other personnel, may be called to testify for the prosecutor. Communication in the courtroom setting for police, prosecutors, defense, the suspect, judge and jury, all play a crucial part. The officer when called to testify, should have the ability to understand the questions clearly, is able to listen effectively, and be able to explain the facts written in his or her report. The affidavit is based on the facts that have been written in the officers’ incident report. There may be situations or times when an officer feels uncomfortable, while sitting or standing in a group of other people. Or he or she may fill uncomfortable when having to be in front of the others in the courtroom. The officer should never let emotions or nonverbal cues cloud his or her testimony. During cross-examine; the reputation of the officer could be misinterpreted. Before testimony officers should try to talk to the prosecutor to learn what to expect. He or she may want to practice the testimony also. Being able to communicate verbally and use less nonverbal cues like emotions, could make the difference in the testimony. When testifying the officer should be able to answer in a clear and audible voice with recalling or stating just the facts. He or she may also want to remember to present themselves as a professional and to look and act as one. Not only is his or her reputation at stake, but the department also. For law enforcement personnel who work inside the correctional facility, communication techniques can be a critical part of the job. Officers must be able to talk to their peers, and inmates. The ability to be an active listener, understand, read and write clearly and to follow verbal and nonverbal orders are very important. There may be issues at time among inmates that may cause a barrier of communication. Some of these barriers could include the disruptive inmate, a language barrier, such as a foreign language or a deaf person. There may be the inmate that may cause tension between the officers and others. There are many factors to consider on how to communicate within the correctional setting. There is the use of daily reports that must be filled out by officers. There has to be a clear understanding by the officers and other employees of operating procedures. Incident reports that are fact based must be filled out by officers involved. As with police the correctional officer must also confront inmates and vice versa. The officer should at all times be careful of the nonverbal clues used. This would include his or her emotions at the time, the way he or she stands, or the tone of voice. Most correctional officers are trained on the use of verbal and nonverbal methods of communications before being assigned to the facility (2010). For the peer to peer communication the officer must be able to understand the assignment given, whether it is verbal or nonverbal communications. Assignments are usually given at the beginning of the shift, and it is the responsibility of the officer and peer to have a clear understanding of what it is. If the officer does not understand it is his or her responsibility to ask questions. Another form of peer to peer is among the officers themselves. Communication is a key role inside of the correctional facility when working with the inmates. He or she should be able to understand clearly the instructions that pertain to an inmate or surroundings. He or she must be able to read nonverbal cues from other officers and to be able to read nonverbal cues from the inmates. Within the Juvenile facility, there is a great need for communication of nonverbal and verbal. Like any other facility the officers must be able to understand the importance of filing out the report, whether it be an incident, daily, or new arrival. Each officer must have the intelligence and ability to be able to communicate with a juvenile in custody. Like inmates in the adult correctional setting, juveniles may also become belligerent at times and want to cause problems. The officer must be able to talk with the juvenile as well as be able to listen. Officers must also be able to read the nonverbal cues that are given by the inmates. These could include actions such as throwing of things, language, the stance, eye contact, vocal sounds, and emotions such as anger, sadness and more. Juveniles have a language that seems to be something that they have learned. Most people call it street slang and signs. Most officers are provided continuing training on problems involving juveniles, as well as training to understand the signs and slang used by them. For Officers and other employees of the juvenile facility there is the need to understand clearly the written reports, the operational procedures, releasing of information to outside agencies and families and the ability to talk clearly to peers. Officers and other employees may be called on to answer questions over the phone, concerning a juvenile. They may have to work on computers, and other equipment, or spend hours doing paperwork. This is all an important part of communicating within the facility. When an officer’s peer assigns the officer to a certain department in the facility the officer must have a clear understanding of what is expected of him or her at the time. The one way for the officer to make certain of the assignment, is to ask the needed questions if any should arise. The officer must be able to take orders on a continuous basis and be able to understand the details. When working with other officers there has to be a clear line of communication between the officers. Nonverbal cues, as with any other law enforcement facility should be easily read. The officer must have the ability to do so, in case something should happen. These nonverbal cues could be eye contact, a facial expression, or a nudge, or a physical gesture such as the wave of a hand. As with any other situation officers that work in a juvenile facility must show professionalism and act accordingly. The officer must be careful when using nonverbal communication. These include keeping the emotions from getting away from him or her, keeping the tone of his or her voice from becoming too loud, watching the stance and posture when talking to other employees, inmates, and peers. Communication can be seen in many different forms. These can include fact based reports by law enforcement officers, correctional officers, reports to the press or other media, juvenile facilities and courtrooms. There may be barriers for the officers at times, such as language, ineffective listening, a misunderstanding, or miscommunication. Whatever the reason, for one to communicate properly there must be the ability to understand, listen actively, ask questions when needed, and to speak clearly when asked to. For law enforcement and others in the criminal justice system the need to recognize nonverbal communication is essential. An officer must be able to identify cues given by a suspect, or by an inmate in custody. The law enforcement official should always act and speak in a professional matter when facing the public or fellow workers and supervisors or administrators. He or she must remember that they represent not only themselves but the departments and states they reside in. Effective communication is the key to an effective organization such as the criminal justice system.

The Volkswagen Group

The Volkswagen Group Free Online Research Papers This report provides information on the Volkswagen Group. In addition to details about Group structure, describes the spectrum covered by the Volkswagen Group. My report aim to give a short look toVolkswagen Group. History of Volkswagen: In 1937 was founded the „Volkswagenwerk GmbH in Wolfsburg in Germany. After the second world war the first foreing company were establish in Canada ( Volkswagen Canada Ltd. in 1952 and then Volkswagen make a company in Brazil and in America also. In 1960s Volkswagen becomes the worlds champion when they were created The Beetle cars. The Beetle breaks the legendary production record. In 1964 Audi was join to the VW group. VW was coorporate with Sociedad Espaà ±ola de Automà ³viles de Turismo, SA (SEAT) in 1982, after they reach to opening of the Iberian market for Group.in 1990 the WV bought SKODA because they recognised that it is a good way to access to the Eastern Europe car markets.. In 1998 by acquiring Bentley Motor Cars Limited, VW expands its range in the luxury class. The Bugatti and Lamborghini brands round off the Volkswagen Groups activities in the upper range. The VW Group proudicing nowdays 151 differnt thype of models in 48 countries in the world they sell 25400 vehicals. Facts of Volkswagen Group The Volkswagen Group is one of the world’s leading automobile manufacturers and the largest carmaker in Europe. The Group is made up of eight brands from six European countries: Volkswagen, Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, SEAT, Skoda and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. Each brand has own character and operates as an independent entity on the market. The product range extends from low-consumption small cars to luxury class vehicles. In the commercial vehicle sector, the product offering spans pick ups, busses and heavy trucks also. The main factory is till in Wolsburg and in Germany. But for example they have factory in Portugal and in Hunagary also. It curios that some of the engines is made in Hungary in Audi factory which are also used in Portugal. The Brands Volkswagen Volkswagen is a German manufacturing brand of car, based in Wolfsburg, Germany. It forms the major component (in volume of sales) of the much larger Volkswagen Group. The Volkswagen name means peoples car in German. It is means this car for everyboday. So the costmers of VW are the avarge people. This mark is not meaning cheap or expensive cars this meaning that good a cars. It is represented the common people just like in Japan it is the Toyota or in America it is the Ford. The Brands of the VW: Fox: The Volkswagen Fox is a mini car. Fox is quite similar to the competitors Opel Corsa, Fiat Palio, Ford Fiesta, Renault Clio and Peugeot 206. Class in Europe: City car. This car is produced for the people who want to use the car in the city. This is the cheapest car and this car needs the lowest Petrol. So Fox is a low cost car. Polo: The Volkswagen Polo is a supermini car.It is bigger then the Fox but stil only use in the city. Golf: The fifth generation Volkswagen was unveiled at the Frankfurt Motor Show in 2003. This car is one of the main car of VW. This car is litlle more expensive then the Polo and it is in the higer quality for use in the city and cometimes further but for a family it is not enough. Normally it is use by the young people it is a sporting and dynamic car. Jetta Mk5 It is essentially the sedan version of the compact car. Jetta is a Small family car. Class: Compact Eos The Volkswagen Eos is a four-seater retractable hardtop convertible introduced in 2006 as the successor to the Volkswagen Cabrio. The Eos is Volkswagens first production sports car. This car used normally by the young dynamic sporting persons. Class Sports car Passat The Volkswagen Passat is a family car built by Volkswagen Falling between the Golf/Jetta and Phaeton.This large family car is the most important car of VW.If a costomer think about VW know this car. Passat is used by family and businessmen. Passat competitors are Pegueot 607 For Mondeo Toyota Avensis Lexus, Audi A6. Class: Large family car Phaeton The Volkswagen Phaeton is a large sedan.This car is not for the famaily car it is only for the businesmenn. Class full size luxery car Sharan The Volkswagen Sharan is a multi-purpose vehicle produced since 1995.This car for the bigger family it is for 7 person.The Sharon is the typical holiday car. Class: Large multi-purpose vehicle Touran: The Volkswagen Touran is a compact multi-purpose vehicle based on a vertically-stretched fifth generation Volkswagen Golf. Tiguan Volkswagen Tiguan is a compact crossover SUV built by the German automaker Volkswagen.A platform of the Golf. The Trend Fun and Sport Style both have maximum approach angles of 18 degrees Touareg The Volkswagen Touareg is a mid-size sport utility vehicle (SUV). Golf 763,491 Passat/Santana 751,764 Jetta/Bora 630,355 Polo 449,602 Gol 320,604 Fox 206,125 Touran 197,941 Polo Classic/Sedan 86,861 Touareg 72,477 Eos 55,560 New Beetle 40,124 Sharan 23,807 Tiguan 16,272 Phaeton 5,711 Audi Audi is a premium German automobile manufacturer and one of the worlds leading performance-luxury marques, with headquarters in Ingolstadt, Bavaria.Audi joined to Volkswagen Group in 1964.Audi company was founded in 1910. Audi brand is a cheap luxury car. Audi being a real competitor in its target market against global luxury leaders Mercedes-Benz and BMW. The Audi is not a real competiters with VW it is itnregrate it. The Audi brand is one of the world’s fastest-growing premium brands and aims to establish itself as the leader in this segment A3 The Audi A3 is an entry-level luxury car/small family car. A4 The Audi A4 is a luxury compact executive car.It is similar to the VW Passat. A5 The Audi A5 is a luxury coupà ©. Audi bilt the coupà © as a grand tourer, to compete against the likes of the BMW E92, and the Mercedes-Benz CLK-Class. A6 The Audi A6 is a mid-size executive car.It is for Busenisman. A8 The Audi A8 is a full-size luxury executive car TT The Audi TT is a sports car, R8 The Audi R8 is a mid-engined sports car introduced A6 allroad quattro The Audi allroad quattro is a mid-size executive car; Q7 The Audi Q7 is a full-size sport utility vehicle (SUV) PRODUCTION Vehicles 2007 Audi A4 289,806 A3 231,117 A6 227,502 Q7 77,395 TT Coupà © 40,417 A5 25,549 A8 22,182 A6 allroad quattro 16,340 R8 4,125 Q5 162 Total 975,290 Bentley Motors Limited is an English manufacturer of luxury automobiles and Grand Tourers. Bentley Motors was founded in England on 18 January 1919 by Walter Owen Bentley.Since 1998 the company has been owned by the Volkswagen Group. In 1998, Rolls-Royce and Bentley Motors were purchased from Vickers by Volkswagen Group for  £430 million. Bentley is prducing only luxury cars so Bentley has no differntaton neither horizantal.There is only othert type of luxary car but not really different almost only some shape and the extras is different, but the front of the car is the same. PRODUCTION Vehicles 2007 2006 Continental GT Cabriolet 4,847 Continental Flying Spur 2,270 Continental GT Coupà © 1,547 Continental GT Speed Coupà © 593 Arnage 357 Azure 350 Brooklands 8 Skoda Auto The Volkswagen Group forms a number of companies in East Germany the Czech government takeover of the venerable Ã…  KODA, automobilov a.s. in 1990. Brand recognition promised good access to the car markets of Eastern-central and Eastern Europe. The VW bought the Eastern-central market, because they realised that the people are more likely to by their owen brand even if it is worse e.g the WV. So Skoda is a competiors of VW but exatly it is not true. Mostly Skoda car are only sold in Eastern central market it is same just like the Seat cars is for the Iberian market. The models of Skoda: Roomster The Ã…  koda Roomster is a leisure activity vehicle. The Roomster is Ã…  kodas first car since the Volkswagen Groups take over of the brand that is not based on an existing Volkswagen platform.It ia the smallest car competitors of Opel Corsa. Fabia The Ã…  koda Fabia is a supermini car.It is realted by SEAT Ibiza SEAT Cà ³rdoba Volkswagen Polo Octavia The Ã…  koda Octavia is a small family car realted by SEAT Leà ³n Volkswagen Bora Superb The Ã…  koda Superb is an executive car It is based on the platform of the Volkswagen Passat and shares its mechanicals with that model. It is currently the largest and most luxurious model in Ã…  kodas lineup PRODUCTION Vehicles 2007 Octavia 319,893 Fabia 243,576 Roomster 75,875 Superb 21,339 Sum: 9,972 SEAT is a Spanish automobile manufacturer founded in 1950 by the Instituto Nacional de Industria (INI), with Fiat assistance, and now a wholly owned subsidiary of Audi AG, part of the Volkswagen Group. The acronym SEAT stands for Sociedad Espaà ±ola de Automà ³viles de Turismo. Today, SEAT reinforces its race-bred, and aggressive image, with sporty-styled cars, such as Ibiza and Leà ³n, which have made the brand very popular among teenagers.The SEAT is producing car for the Iberian markets mostly. Ibiza Leon Altea/Toledo Cordoba Alhambra PRODUCTION Vehicles 2007 Ibiza 172,206 Leon 120,630 Altea/Toledo 76,121 Cordoba 29,747 Alhambra 14,242 412,946 PRODUCTION Lamborghini Gallardo Spyder 1,015 1,025 Gallardo 936 626 Murcià ©lago 423 323 Murcià ©lago Roadster 206 121 2,580 Facts(2007): Production of vehicals 6213000 Employees 329300 Sales revenue 108 millon Euro Production by Brands 2007/2006 This grapics shows that the main profil of the company is the Volkswagen cars which is widly used. Then come the Audi with a higher qulity and price. In the third sectoin it is the Skoda which is lower quality than the Volkswagen. Im the fourth part it is the SEAT which is for the Iberian market. The last one is the two luxary brand the Bently is for the rich old people and the Lamborghini for the dinamic young rich people. The Commercial Vehicles is in another part because it is not belonging to the normal persons it is for the companies. Innovation Shaping the future is a fascinating challenge for industry and society. Our automotive future is formed by social conditions and trends. It is our task to anticipate the future needs of our customers and to convert these needs into innovative technologies. The technological challenges of the future can only mastered by intensive research and networked cooperation both inside and outside the company. Our mission is to continue meeting our customers’ wishes for individual and affordable mobility through sustainable technologies. We work together with our partners to achieve this goal. Group Research has its headquarters in Wolfsburg and researches for all Group brands. International trendscouting and technology scouting form part of our strategic orientation and we also operate from research bases in the US, Japanese and Chinese markets. Research Papers on The Volkswagen GroupThe Fifth HorsemanMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductTwilight of the UAWAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaDefinition of Export QuotasAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeQuebec and CanadaCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Natural gas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Natural gas - Essay Example ther a step ahead they transported the crude gas through bamboo shoots to near sea shore, where it was used to distilled sea water to make it suitable for drinking. In early 1626, a French explorer first times discovered and identified natives igniting gases in America that were seeping into and around Lake Erie. In 1821 in Fredonia, United States, a massive escape of gas was observed in form of bubbles rising to the surface from a creek and an American industrialist and financier William Hart, considered as America’s â€Å"father of natural gas,† dug there the first natural gas well in North America. In Europe, natural gas was first come to known around 1659 when it was discovered in Great Britain. The last century technological development probed that major natural gas reservoirs are laying often in conjunction with crude oil, hence in recent times, major natural gas reservoirs were discovered as a result of searching for crude oil (Speight, 9). Since the discovery of natural gas as a heat source by the Chinese about two thousand years ago, the use of natural gas as an energy source has increased tremendously and presently, natural gas is about one quarter of the energy resources of the world (Speight, 21) as shown in fig. 1. The main use of natural gas is combustion. The heat generated due to burning of gas is either directly or indirectly used for various energy purposes. In direct heating, natural gas is utilized both in residential  and  commercial  heating and cooking purposes. Indirectly the heat generated due to natural gas combustion is used to generate electricity by using gas fired generators, steam turbines, gas turbines and combined cycle power generation units. Another important indirect use of heat generated due to combustion of natural gas is its use as transportation fuel by compressing  natural  gas  (CNG) to less than 1% of its volume at standard atmospheric  pressure (Natural gas report, 3). Except these natural gas is used in many

Young Offenders, Crime, and Globalization Essay

Young Offenders, Crime, and Globalization - Essay Example Juvenile delinquency is often an issue of concern among parents, educators, and society in general. A review by Cohn outlines statistics in regards to juvenile delinquency. In the year 2000, juveniles accounted for 17 percent of all arrests and 16 percent of all violent crime arrests in the United States that year. A considerable growth in the number of juvenile violent crime arrests began in the late 1980s and reached its peak in 1994. However, 2000 marked the sixth consecutive year that the rate juvenile arrests for the Violent Crime Index Declined. The timeframe between 1994 and 2000 marked a 41 percent decrease in the juvenile arrest rate, which was the lowest since 1985. The juvenile murder rate also decreased dramatically between 1993 and 2000. The juvenile murder rate in 2000 was at its lowest since the 1960s. In the year 2000, juveniles were involved in 9 percent of murder arrests, 14 percent of aggravated assault arrests, 33 percent of arrests for burglary, 25 percent of rob bery arrests, and 24 percent of arrests for weapons charges. Girls were involved in one-third of all arrests of young people ages 13-15. The racial composition of the juvenile population, in general, was 79 percent white (including Hispanics), 16 percent black, 4 percent Asian/Pacific Islander, and 1 Percent American Indian. Of all juvenile arrests for violent crimes, 55 percent involved white youths and 42 percent blacks. These numbers are extremely disproportionate the racial groups’ representation in the general population. ... In the year 2000, juveniles were involved in 9 percent of murder arrests, 14 percent of aggravated assault arrests, 33 percent of arrests for burglary, 25 percent of robbery arrests, and 24 percent of arrests for weapons charges. Girls were involved in one-third of all arrests of young people ages 13-15. The racial composition of the juvenile population in general was 79 percent white (including Hispanics), 16 percent black, 4 percent Asian/Pacific Islander, and 1 Percent American Indian. Of all juvenile arrests for violent crimes, 55 percent involved white youths and 42 percent blacks. These numbers are extremely disproportionate the racial groups' representation in the general population. Even though the facts point to a decrease in acts of juvenile delinquency, it still remains a cause for concern, and its causes and prevention must be addressed. Another item to consider is that fact that casual factors in juvenile delinquency seem to be consistent throughout the world as far as what the theories are behind the crimes. Therefore, globalization has helped to bring this concept to light. What are the causal factors involved in juvenile delinquency There has been continuous debate and extensive research concerning this question. Some purport that juvenile delinquency is biologically determined, and that anything short of pharmacological intervention has any beneficial effect. Others claim that environment plays the key role in determining whether a young person is likely to commit delinquent acts, and that changes in the environment result in changes in regards to delinquent behavior. Yet another perspective claims that delinquent behavior stems from psychopathological problems that are present due to various factors, and that a combination