Emerging Piracy Threat off the West African Coast and Somali Piracy Essay

Emerging Piracy Threat off the West African Coast and Somali Piracy - Essay Example One definition, which relies on international law, confines piracy to attacks on the high seas and restricts attacks on state territorial waters. The other definition of piracy is more practical and is used by the international maritime bureau that encompasses both high seas and state territorial attacks. Lack of a common definition of piracy makes piracy a threat to almost all ports. This is because there is no known extent of piracy, no accurate and binding statistics on piracy activities hence inadequate allocation of resources to avert this menace (Great Britain: Parliament, 2006, p.10-11). Generally, piracy involves acts of robbery or criminal violence at sea and those who commit piracy are known as pirates. However, the definition of piracy under the 1992 Special Report on Piracy of the International Maritime Bureau as an act of boarding a vessel with an intention to commit robbery or other criminal activities with an ability to use force in attaining this goal. In the West African Coast and Somali coastline, this includes attacks on the vessel on passage, in port, at anchor, against the cargo, passengers, and crew of the vessel (Beckman, 1994, p.5). It entails simply attacking a ship or facilitating that attack. For a fact, piracy has adverse effects on the daily running of port operations (Talley, 2009, p.34-37), world security, and international business. Indeed, maritime piracy has direct costs on humanitarian assistance, adversely affects maritime economic activities like fishing, oil production and cost of energy, tourism, insurance, and shipping costs (Mbekeani and Ncube, 2011, p. 5). Upon hijacking vessels, the pirates call for ransoms to release the hijacked vessels. In 2011, ransom reached an epitome when Greek owners paid $13.5 million for the release of the Irene, an oil tanker.  Ã‚  

LOVE Curriculum Development in Adult Education Research Paper

LOVE Curriculum Development in Adult Education - Research Paper Example First of all, learning should considered to be a process rather than what we get out of it. It is important to keep the students involved in such a procedure that would allow for an enhancement in their learning and this element would be responsible for improving learning. For this process to be effective it is necessary to continuously give feedback on how efficient their efforts are coming up to be. Then there is the point that all learning is basically relearning. For the simplification of learning a procedure which actually makes the students participate in the discussion regarding the topic at hand is really efficient and important. This allows for addition and learning of refined and new ideas from every individual. For learning to be absolutely worthwhile there is a requirement to resolve conflicts that may come up between dialectically opposed styles of variation to the world. The major driving force of any learning process is conflict, differences and disagreements. When one is engaged in learning he is required to go back and forth the different ideas, views and modes of reflection and whatever the input is from every student’s side. Through learning knowledge is created. ELT has proposed a constructivist theory of learning in which takes place the creation of social knowledge over and over again and for the learner it becomes his own personal knowledge. This is totally opposite of what the case is in â€Å"transmission† model which is used for most of the current educational practices, and wherein takes place the transmission of pre-existing fixed concepts to the learner. According to ELT learning can be defined as â€Å"the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience. Knowledge results from the combination of grasping and transforming experience (Kolb, 1984, p. 41)†. The